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Previous study have shown that the carnation vitrification occurred in subculture could be prevented by ABA (10^(-6)M) supplement and increasing agar concentration from 0.7 to 1.5% to the culture medium. This study observes the physiological and morphological characteristics of the glaucous and vitreous plants of carnation (cv. Sarinah and Scarlet bell), in more detail. The results showed that characteristics of vitrified shoots were broadleaves, translucent, winkled and/or curled, thick rigid and easily breakable, and rosette plantlets were occasionally observed. Vitreous shoots were characterized by decreasing chlorophyll, lignin, epicuticular waxes and water contents and by increasing size of most cells of leaves and stems and the intercellular spaces. Vitrified shoots showed also that palisade tissue of leaves was not, and vascular system of stems was little developed. Cortex region of plantlets cultured in vitro was considerably larger than plants grown in the greenhouse. Epicuticulsr waxes of shoots in the greenhouse occurred as rods and densely, but that of shoots cultured in vitro decreased, and its extent is higher in the vitreous plantlets.
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